Anatomy, Variants, and Pathologies of the Superior Glenohumeral Ligament: Magnetic Resonance Imaging with Three-Dimensional Volumetric Interpolated Breath-Hold Examination Sequence and Conventional Magnetic Resonance Arthrography

The purpose of this review was to demonstrate magnetic resonance (MR) arthrography findings of anatomy, variants, and pathologic conditions of the superior glenohumeral ligament (SGHL). This review also demonstrates the applicability of a new MR arthrography sequence in the anterosuperior portion of the glenohumeral joint. The SGHL is a very important anatomical structure in the rotator interval that is responsible for stabilizing the long head of the biceps tendon. Therefore, a torn SGHL can result in pain and instability. Observation of the SGHL is difficult when using conventional MR imaging, because the ligament may be poorly visualized. Shoulder MR arthrography is the most accurately established imaging technique for identifying pathologies of the SGHL and associated structures. The use of three dimensional (3D) volumetric interpolated breath-hold examination (VIBE) sequences produces thinner image slices and enables a higher in-plane resolution than conventional MR arthrography sequences. Therefore, shoulder MR arthrography using 3D VIBE sequences may contribute to evaluating of the smaller intraarticular structures such as the SGHL.

Bilateral congenital absence of the abductor pollicis brevis muscle: a case report

Congenital absence of the abductor pollicis brevis is a very rare condition and is usually associated with other congenital anomalies. Here we report a case of bilateral congenital absence of the abductor pollicis brevis without any other abnormalities, which has not been previously reported. A 24-year-old Caucasian male patient presented to our clinic with flattening in the palmar region, pain and discomfort in writing, and weakness in both hands. USG and MRI revealed bilateral absence of the abductor pollicis brevis muscle. Bilateral congenital absence of the abductor pollicis brevis muscle requires no treatment due to satisfactory hand function, and results in cosmetic problems. Congenital absence of the abductor pollicis brevis muscle should be kept in mind in patients with flattening of the thenar eminences